I've successfully implemented Bellman-Ford to find the distance of the shortest path when edges have negative weights/distances. I've not been able to get it to return all shortest paths (when there are ties for shortest). I managed to get all shortest paths (between a given pair of nodes) with Dijkstra. Is this possible with Bellman-Ford? (just want to know if I'm wasting my time trying)
If you alter the second step of the Bellman-Ford algorithm a little bit you can achieve something very similar:
for i from 1 to size(vertices)-1:
for each edge uv in edges: // uv is the edge from u to v
u := uv.source
if u.distance == INFINITY:
// skip start nodes that have no valid path from source yet
continue
v := uv.destination
if u.distance + uv.weight < v.distance:
v.distance := u.distance + uv.weight
v.predecessor[] := u
else if u.distance + uv.weight == v.distance:
if u not in v.predecessor:
v.predecessor += u
where v.predecessor
is a list of vertices. If the new distance of v
equals a path which isn't included yet include the new predecessor.
In order to print all shortest paths you could use something like
procedure printPaths(vertex current, vertex start, list used, string path):
if current == start:
print start.id + " -> " + path
else:
for each edge ve in current.predecessors:
if ve.start not in used:
printPaths(ve.start,start, used + ve.start, ve.start.id + " -> " + path)
Use printPaths(stop,start,stop,stop.id)
in order to print all paths.
Note: It is possible to exclude if u not in v.predecessor then v.predecessor += u
from the modified algorithm if you remove duplicate elements after the algorithm has finished.