How could I style the color, size and shadow of icons from FontAwesome's Icons?
For example, FontAwesome's site will show some icons in white and some in red but won't show the CSS for how to style them that way ...
Given that they're simply fonts, then you should be able to style them as fonts:
#elementID {
color: #fff;
text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #ccc;
font-size: 1.5em;
}