Assuming I have booted a 32-bit Windows Server with the /3GB switch, how can I make a .NET application use the additional address space?
The flag is part of the image header, so you need to modify that using editbin.
editbin /LARGEADDRESSAWARE <your exe>
Use dumpbin /headers
and look for the presence of Application can handle large (>2GB) addresses
to see if the flag is set or not.