How can I receive notifications of filesystem changes in OS X?

In Windows, I can use the FindNextChangeNotification API to watch a file or folder for changes. For example, I can watch a folder and get notified when a file is added or removed.

Is there a similar API on OS X?

Mac OS X v10.5 introduces the File System Events API. Have a look at:

• File System Events API Collection
• Technology Overview (archive)
• Using the File System Events API (archive)
• File System Events Programming Guide (PDF of 2008)