Is there a way to access data on the right hand side of Google results programmatically?
Are there similar services around? Specifically for location data
Access = No html scraping
Here is an example:
When people search for a business on Google, they may see information about that business in a box that appears to the right of their search results. The information in the box, called the knowledge panel, can help customers discover and contact your business.
Knowledge panels are powered by information in the Knowledge Graph.
The example in your question comes from Google's Knowledge Graph.
The Short Life of the Open Knowledge Graph provides a good explanation why Google's Knowledge Graph data is not publicly available and why the project is shutting down.
[Jack Menzel, a Product Management Director at Google,] explained that there was a couple of specific reasons why Google couldn’t “participate” in the Open Knowledge Graph project. First, some of the data in the Google Knowledge Graph are from closed datasets acquired from sources that did not granted Google the rights to redistribute them. Some other datasets have more open licenses, but still have share-alike or attribution constraints. Second, he reminded that – by principle – Google was blocking any kind of automatic extraction allowing to collect information about its search and ranking technologies because “they were the proprietary cores of what Google provides”.
I tried to list in order of your preference for location data.
Freebase - http://www.freebase.com/ will provide you with the same type of information and allow you to achieve the same type of results as your Google search example.
Freebase is an open, Creative Commons licensed repository of structured data of almost 23 million entities.
An entity is a single person, place, or thing. Freebase connects entities together as a graph.
Wikidata - http://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page - Wikidata is an open source project, and the data is freely accessible
YAGO2s is a huge semantic knowledge base, derived from Wikipedia, WordNet, and GeoNames.