Can someone explain to me how high-availability ("HA") works for a web application ... because I assume HA means that there exist no single-point-of-failure.
However, even if a load balancer is used- isn't that the single point of failure?
I have found this article on the subject: http://www.tenereillo.com/GSLBPageOfShame.htm
Basically if you do not require long lasting sticky sessions you can configure your DNS servers to return multiple A records (IP addresses) for your website.
Web browsers are smart enough to try all the addresses until they find one that works.