javaunit-testingjunitejb

@EJB annotation does not work for initialize bean within the EJB application

I have a Maven project with this structure:

-myproject
  -myproject-ear
  -myproject-service
    -webservice
  -myproject-ejb

In the myproject-ejb I have this java packages:

-src/main/java/
-src/test/java/

I have an EJB and the corresponding bean implementation in 

-src/main/java/org/mypackage/MyBean.java
-src/main/java/org/mypackage/MyBeanImpl.java

In src/test/java/ I have a test called MyBeanTest.java with the following code:

import javax.ejb.EJB;
import org.mypackage.MyBean;
import org.junit.*;

public class MyBeanTest {

    @EJB
    private MyBean myBean;

    @Test
    public void testBean() {
        System.out.println("myBean: "+myBean); // prints null
        myBean.writeToDB("Hello", "World"); // fails since myBean is null
    }
}

When I run the unit test, the myBean is null. I am wondering why the @EJB annotation does not work. The test package is in the same application as the bean, so @EJB should work.

Any ideas?

EDIT 1
I found this link with the same problem as I have, but the solution there doesn´t seem to work for me. Am I doing anything wrong? 

package org.myproject.ejb;

import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.ejb.EJB;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import org.myproject.ejb.MyBean;
import org.jboss.ejb.client.ContextSelector;
import org.jboss.ejb.client.EJBClientConfiguration;
import org.jboss.ejb.client.EJBClientContext;
import org.jboss.ejb.client.PropertiesBasedEJBClientConfiguration;
import org.jboss.ejb.client.remoting.ConfigBasedEJBClientContextSelector;
import org.junit.*;

public class MyBeanTest {

    private MyBean myBean;

    @Before
    public void init() {
        try {
            Properties clientProp = new Properties();
            clientProp.put("remote.connectionprovider.create.options.org.xnio.Options.SSL_ENABLED", "false");
            clientProp.put("remote.connections", "default");
            clientProp.put("remote.connection.default.port", "4447");
            clientProp.put("remote.connection.default.host", "localhost");
            clientProp.put("remote.connection.default.connect.options.org.xnio.Options.SASL_POLICY_NOANONYMOUS", "false");


            EJBClientConfiguration cc = new PropertiesBasedEJBClientConfiguration(clientProp);
            ContextSelector<EJBClientContext> selector = new ConfigBasedEJBClientContextSelector(cc);
            EJBClientContext.setSelector(selector);

            Properties env = new Properties();
            env.put(Context.URL_PKG_PREFIXES, "org.jboss.ejb.client.naming");
            env.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, "admin");
            env.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, "testing");
            InitialContext ctx = new InitialContext(env);
            myBean = (MyBean) ctx.lookup("java:app/myproject-ejb-1.0-SNAPSHOT/MyBeanImpl");
        } 
        catch(NamingException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testBean() {
        System.out.println("ejb: "+myBean); // prints null
    }
}

The error I get with the above configuration is:

WARN: Unsupported message received with header 0xffffffff
javax.naming.NoInitialContextException: Need to specify class name in environment or system property, or as an applet parameter, or in an application resource file:  java.naming.factory.initial
    at javax.naming.spi.NamingManager.getInitialContext(NamingManager.java:662)
    at javax.naming.InitialContext.getDefaultInitCtx(InitialContext.java:307)
    at javax.naming.InitialContext.getURLOrDefaultInitCtx(InitialContext.java:344)
Solution

    1. Container resource injection, such as @EJB, requires a populated JNDI directory and only works within Java EE managed components executing in a Java EE container. Is a challenge for unit testing. See JSR318 Java EE 6 Platform Spec, section EE.5 Resources, Naming, and Injection.

    2. You're now attempting JNDI lookup - Java SE unit test app remotely connecting its JNDI Context. Disadvantages: must deploy full Java EE 6 app as precondition to run test; test-bugfix-build-deploy-retest lifecycle can slow things.

      Some issues:

      • Your username/password properties are different than JBoss doc;
      • From doc it appears JNDI lookup name needs to be "ejb:..." rather than "java:app/..." because the JBoss EJB-client-project code uses this to intercept the lookup. Also from Java EE 6 platform spec EE.5.2.2: Names in java:app namespace are shared by all components in all modules in a single Java EE app. If your test is a separate JSE app using java:app, I suspect JBoss treats it as separate to the single Java EE application, and lookup will fail.
      • Make sure you lookup the interface, not the implementation class (i.e. the EJB no interface view) for remote access
      • You're refering to an unusual reference showing direct use of EJBClientConfiguration & EJBClientContext. It seems this is not required/preferred.

      Try these actions:

    3. In future: use CDI for injection; JUnit + CDI @Mock for "POJO" unit testing; Arquillian for "Java EE" unit/module testing in containers. Then you could avoid/reduce tests like (2) above (JSE client -> EJB). CDI supports:

      • Java EE resource injection into POJOs (including @EJB annotation). This still requires a deployed Java EE app/component and populated JNDI directory to lookup.

      • Managed beans as POJOs or Java EE components (incl. EJBs) - inject "any" to "any" with superior @Inject annotation. Works without JNDI directory, is typesafe & bean scope-aware.

      • Supports unit testing via simple mocking. Use @Mock & @Specializes to declare replacement version for any bean. Test EJB clients without EJBs. Test EJBs as POJOs.

      To enable CDI, include a beans.xml file (can be empty, if all config via annotation).

      To declare a managed bean:

      • optional scope above class e.g. @SessionScoped
      • no-arg constructor / @Inject on constructor

      Use this to inject a reference:

       @Inject (optional @MyDeclaredQualifier) private MyBean myBean;

      Arquillian ("JUnit for Java EE 6") runs test code itself on a Java EE server. It dynamically deploys test code to configured container(s) and runs tests. It supports @EJB annotation, JNDI connection becomes simple and you can include Java EE classes in unit tests without mocking, or refactoring to abstract away from them.