What do POSIX and other standards say about the situation where multiple threads are doing poll() or select() calls on a single socket or pipe handle at the same time?
If any data arrives, does only one of the waiting threads get woken up or do all of the waiting threads get woken up?
Interesting question ... I read through the current POSIX and did not find a specific answer, i.e., no specification about concurrent invocations. So I'll explain why I think the standard means all will wake up.
The relevant part of the text for select / pselect is:
Upon successful completion, the pselect() or select() function shall modify the objects pointed to by the readfds, writefds, and errorfds arguments to indicate which file descriptors are ready for reading, ready for writing, or have an error condition pending, respectively, [...]
and later
A descriptor shall be considered ready for reading when a call to an input function with O_NONBLOCK clear would not block, whether or not the function would transfer data successfully. (The function might return data, an end-of-file indication, or an error other than one indicating that it is blocked, and in each of these cases the descriptor shall be considered ready for reading.)
In short (the reading case only), we can understand this as:
select does not block this means that the next call to an input function with O_NONBLOCK would not return an error with errno==EWOULDBLOCK. [Note that the "next" is my interpretation of the above.]
If one admits to this interpretation then two concurrent select calls could both return the same FD as readable. In fact even if they are not concurrent, but a first thread calls select with some FD being readable and later e.g., read, a second thread calling select between the two could return the FD as readable for the second thread.
Now the relevant part for the "waking up" part of the question is this:
If none of the selected descriptors are ready for the requested operation, the pselect() or select() function shall block until at least one of the requested operations becomes ready, until the timeout occurs, or until interrupted by a signal.
Here clearly the above interpretation suggests that concurrently waiting calls will all return.