I've been attempting to make a 2D space-like game using Java just for the fun of it. I've decided just to use Java's Graphics2D to render my game because I wasn't in the mood to learn LWJGL. However, I just now realized how limited it is. For example, I realized a nice bloom/glow effect would look really nice. However, I can't find anything on Google about doing so with Graphics2D and without using another library.
What bloom effect I'm looking for:
https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/18594/how-can-i-make-this-style-of-2d-glowing-graphics
Bloom information:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_%28shader_effect%29
There's no bloom effect ready for use available in the Java 2D API, but it is certainly possible to implement one.
First, I suggest you investigate how such filters work and for that I recommend taking a look at Jerry's Java Image Processing Pages. There are many filter implementations available on that page for download.
There's an interesting discussion about the bloom effect on Java2D Bloom, and they share source code.
There's also a nice comparison of a bloom effect implemented in Java and GLSL at Fast Image Processing with JOGL: