I have a list of names (mylist). This list of names coincide with some of the row names in a (much) bigger file, which also contain additional columns of data (bigfile). How can I extract the rows in 'bigfile' matching with the names in 'mylist'?
A great place to look would be Hadley's page on subsetting in R.
In terms of a specific answer to the question, let's assume that you have an original list of rownames that you would like to subset on that is called 'mylist'. You could do the following:
index <- row.names(bigfile) %in% mylist[,1]
This should give a boolean expression that is as long as the number of rows in the bigfile.
EDIT: You might also look at the following Stackoverflow post which nicely addresses the problem.