I've been looking on the web but so far... not luck!
Where can I find a list of all the LDIF attributes and corresponding values (e.g., "objectClass" may have "top", "person", ...)?
Here is the RFC - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2798.txt for the iNetOrgPerson object class. iNetOrgPerson extends organizationalPerson which extends person. This is probably the most common way to represent information about people in directory servers.
There are other object classes which in turn define sets of allowed attributes. Some are open standards and some are proprietary to specific directory server or applications implemented on directory servers. You can also define your own.