pythonmathnumpysplinecubic-spline

Splines with Python (using control knots and endpoints)


I'm trying to do something like the following (image extracted from wikipedia)

spline

#!/usr/bin/env python
from scipy import interpolate
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# sampling
x = np.linspace(0, 10, 10)
y = np.sin(x)

# spline trough all the sampled points
tck = interpolate.splrep(x, y)
x2 = np.linspace(0, 10, 200)
y2 = interpolate.splev(x2, tck)

# spline with all the middle points as knots (not working yet)
# knots = x[1:-1]  # it should be something like this
knots = np.array([x[1]])  # not working with above line and just seeing what this line does
weights = np.concatenate(([1],np.ones(x.shape[0]-2)*.01,[1]))
tck = interpolate.splrep(x, y, t=knots, w=weights)
x3 = np.linspace(0, 10, 200)
y3 = interpolate.splev(x2, tck)

# plot
plt.plot(x, y, 'go', x2, y2, 'b', x3, y3,'r')
plt.show()

The first part of the code is the code extracted from the main reference but it's not explained how to use the points as control knots.

The result of this code is the following image.

enter image description here

The points are the samples, the blue line is the spline taking into account all the points. And the red line is the one that is not working for me. I'm trying to take into account all the intermediate points as control knots but I just can't. If I try to use knots=x[1:-1] it just doesn't work. I'd appreciate any help.

Question in short: how do I use all the intermediate points as control knots in the spline function?

Note: this last image is exactly what I need, and it's the difference between what I have (spline passing all the points) and what I need (spline with control knots). Any ideas? enter image description here


Solution

  • I just found something really interesting with the answer that I need with a bézier in this link. Then I used the code to try on my own. It's working fine apparently. This is my implementation:

    #! /usr/bin/python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    import numpy as np
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    from scipy.special import binom
    
    def Bernstein(n, k):
        """Bernstein polynomial.
    
        """
        coeff = binom(n, k)
    
        def _bpoly(x):
            return coeff * x ** k * (1 - x) ** (n - k)
    
        return _bpoly
    
    
    def Bezier(points, num=200):
        """Build Bézier curve from points.
    
        """
        N = len(points)
        t = np.linspace(0, 1, num=num)
        curve = np.zeros((num, 2))
        for ii in range(N):
            curve += np.outer(Bernstein(N - 1, ii)(t), points[ii])
        return curve
    xp = np.array([2,3,4,5])
    yp = np.array([2,1,4,0])
    x, y = Bezier(list(zip(xp, yp))).T
    
    plt.plot(x,y)
    plt.plot(xp,yp,"ro")
    plt.plot(xp,yp,"b--")
    
    plt.show()
    

    And an image for the example. bézier implementation

    The red points represent the control points. That's it =)