If one device has created a WiFi direct group (access point) this device can connect at the same time to other device group?
TLDR - theoretically yes, practically (in Android) no.
Group OWNER
and CLIENT
operation mode specify a role of a node within WifiDirect connection.
In theory it should be possible although it would mean that a single node can simultaneously connect to more than one WifiDirect group (your picture represents 3 groups). And 'in theory' means that an OPTIONAL (according to this post and WifiDirect whitepaper) feature has been implemented.
Wi-Fi Direct Device maintains membership in multiple Groups simultaneously: Optional
Ok. Back to Android (since I can see it in your tag): from my experience, I know that Android's implementation of WifiP2p will not let you get two simultaneous connections with two seperate nodes.