I know that a browser layer can be registered using GenericSetup and one XML file, but I need to make it programmatically.
Is this possible?
Here you go:
>>> from plone.browserlayer.tests.interfaces import IMyProductLayer
>>> from plone.browserlayer import utils
>>> IMyProductLayer in utils.registered_layers()
False
>>> utils.register_layer(IMyProductLayer, name='my.product')
>>> IMyProductLayer in utils.registered_layers()
True
Copied from https://github.com/plone/plone.browserlayer/blob/master/plone/browserlayer/README.rst
If you just want to have a browser layer present in a test request, you can use the ZCA and directly provide the browser layer interface to a test request:
from zope.interface import directlyProvides
from my.product.interfaces import IMyProductBrowserLayer
directlyProvides(self.request, IMyProductBrowserLayer)