class B1 {
virtual void f1();
int int_in_b1;
};
class B2 {
virtual void f2();
int int_in_b2;
};
class D: B1, B2 {
int int_in_d;
void f1();
void f2();
};
class D1: B1, B2 {
int int_in_d;
virtual void f1();
virtual void f2();
};
Based on this article, the memory layout for an object d
of class D
is like this:
d:
+0: pointer to virtual method table of D (for B1)
+4: value of int_in_b1
+8: pointer to virtual method table of D (for B2)
+12: value of int_in_b2
+16: value of int_in_d
virtual method table of D (for B1):
+0: D::f1() // B1::f1() is overridden by D::f1()
virtual method table of D (for B2):
+0: D::f2() // B2::f2() is overridden by D::f2()
What about an object of class D1
? In class D1
, the members f1
and f2
are both declared as virtual
!
The use of virtual
is redundant in D1
.
From C++11, §10.3¶2:
If a virtual member function
vf
is declared in a classBase
and in a classDerived
, derived directly or indirectly fromBase
, a member functionvf
with the same name, parameter-type-list (8.3.5), cv-qualification, and ref-qualifier (or absence of same) asBase::vf
is declared, thenDerived::vf
is also virtual (whether or not it is so declared) and it overrides111Base::vf
.
111) A function with the same name but a different parameter list (Clause 13) as a virtual function is not necessarily virtual and does not override. The use of the
virtual
specifier in the declaration of an overriding function is legal but redundant (has empty semantics). Access control (Clause 11) is not considered in determining overriding.
Thus, the memory layout (which is what the question seems to be about) is the same for D
and D1
. Obviously, different types will have different virtual tables.