Service-worker force update of new assets

I've been reading through the html5rocks Introduction to service worker article and have created a basic service worker that caches the page, JS and CSS which works as expected:

var CACHE_NAME = 'my-site-cache-v1';
var urlsToCache = [
  '/'
];

// Set the callback for the install step
self.addEventListener('install', function (event) {
  // Perform install steps
  event.waitUntil(
    caches.open(CACHE_NAME)
      .then(function(cache) {
        console.log('Opened cache');
        return cache.addAll(urlsToCache);
      })
  );
});

self.addEventListener('fetch', function (event) {
  event.respondWith(
    caches.match(event.request)
      .then(function(response) {
        // Cache hit - return response
        if (response) {
          return response;
        }

        // IMPORTANT: Clone the request. A request is a stream and
        // can only be consumed once. Since we are consuming this
        // once by cache and once by the browser for fetch, we need
        // to clone the response
        var fetchRequest = event.request.clone();

        return fetch(fetchRequest).then(
          function(response) {
            // Check if we received a valid response
            if(!response || response.status !== 200 || response.type !== 'basic') {
              return response;
            }

            // IMPORTANT: Clone the response. A response is a stream
            // and because we want the browser to consume the response
            // as well as the cache consuming the response, we need
            // to clone it so we have 2 stream.
            var responseToCache = response.clone();

            caches.open(CACHE_NAME)
              .then(function(cache) {
                cache.put(event.request, responseToCache);
              });

            return response;
          }
        );
      })
    );
});

When I make a change to the CSS, this change is not being picked up as the service worker is correctly returning the CSS from the cache.

Where I'm stuck is if I were to change the HTML, JS or CSS, how would I make sure that the service-worker loads the newer version from the server if it can rather than from the cache? I've tried using version stamps on the CSS import but that didn't seem to work.

One option is just to use a the service worker's cache as a fallback, and always attempt to go network-first via a fetch(). You lose some performance gains that a cache-first strategy offers, though.

An alternative approach would be to use sw-precache to generate your service worker script as part of your site's build process.

The service worker that it generates will use a hash of the file's contents to detect changes, and automatically update the cache when a new version is deployed. It will also use a cache-busting URL query parameter to ensure that you don't accidentally populate your service worker cache with an out-of-date version from the HTTP cache.

In practice, you'll end up with a service worker that uses a performance-friendly cache-first strategy, but the cache will get updated "in the background" after the page loads so that the next time it's visited, everything is fresh. If you want, it's possible to display a message to the user letting them know that there's updated content available and prompting them to reload.