Is this just a stylistic difference, or does using require_once('filename.php')
vs require_once 'filename.php'
have actual load/efficiency differences?
It's exactly the same thing. It's a matter of style.
The parentheses may get in the way some times. For instance, this example from the manual doesn't do what you expect:
if (include('vars.php') == 'OK') {
echo 'OK';
}
See example #4.