Is it possible to replace the algorithm of OSPF routing protocol with Ant Colony Optimization?

If it is possible, can you share what you know and suggest where should I start. Thanks

Yes, there is, and the subject is somewhat well-studied. You could start by looking at AntNet, an alternative routing algorithm for the OSPF protocol, based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). For details on AntNet performance, see e.g.

• An adaptive multi-agent routing algorithm inspired by ants behavior (Gianni Di Caro and Marco Dorigo)

AntNet has a few years on it though, so you should probably look into some more recent developments in the field. E.g., have a look at multilevel Ant Colony Optimization (MLV-ACO) an its possible applications to OSPF routing. You could start with:

• Towards a Multilevel Ant Colony Optimisation (T.A. Lian et al)