Since the Yocto Linux distribution can run on both machines, I'm assuming it would have no trouble compiling and using any language, which ordinary developers with a Linux system would use. Am I right in making this assumption?
It says, on the Intel page, that compatible languages are:
C/C++, Python, Node.js, HTML5, JavaScript
Shouldn't these languages be compatible on a Linux system? Just install the compiler on Linux and you should be fine, no?
The only explanation that comes to mind is that these languages have libraries specifically written to interact with Arduino hardware.
If this is the case, which languages are strongest in terms of resources, libraries, compatibility, etc.?
Also, please, correct me if I said anything marginally wrong. Thanks for any help, hugely appreciated.
I believe you are referring to the documentation for IoT Developer Kit. The IoT devkit is solution comprised of various hardware and software options to create IoT projects using Intel's maker boards such as Intel Edison and Intel Galileo. It includes a set of I/O and Sensor libraries specifically libmraa and upm currently available for C/C++, Python and JavaScript.
Libmraa provides APIs to interface with the I/O on board. With board detection done at runtime, you can create portable code that works across multiple platforms.
UPM is more of a high-level repository of sensors that uses mraa. You can find code samples for various sensors currently supported which helps in speeding up the development time.
Recently Java is also added to the list of supported languages, you can find samples in the repository.