The Sitecore documentation provides some pretty clear instructions on how to configure a Sitecore instance as a processing server:
However, many of those steps require enabling/disabling of files manually on the installed server. Has anybody seen or built a patch file (similar to SwitchMasterToWeb) that can disable/enable the appropriate functionality as a patch? I would rather not touch the default Sitecore install and instead rely on automated deployment of configuration patches.
If anybody else winds up looking for this, I've posted some work up on GitHub for patch files for a variety of versions for 8.0:
https://github.com/jst-cyr/Sitecore-Role-Configs
The patches there will do the 'disable/enable/change' for authoring, delivery, or processing. I don't have one for the reporting server.