Is it that all protocols implemented on top of TCP/ UDP are supported by chrome? Does HTTP/ HTTPS implementation somehow hides functioning SMTP or FTP in the background ?
Do all browsers support ssh through them or is it a design thing?
In terms of what protocols you can use in the Chrome browser bar you can use: HTTP, HTTPS, FILE, and FTP. SSH is not implemented by Chrome, but rather it implements SSL. It also does not implement SMTP, but rather when you visit a website like Gmail or Yahoo mail, you are simply visiting a website (via HTTP or hopefully HTTPS). That website is not at all connecting to an SMTP server to display your emails, but is merely serving up web pages and connecting to API's to display/edit/compose your email (by then which the email client's backend is connected to their SMTP server).
Also chrome does implement FTP, like you can visit an IP address that has FTP enable such as : ftp://123.34.45.890 and you can use the directory listings as a webpage. An example of this would the CentOS mirrors here. On the right column they have FTP sites. You can access the FTP director via web browser that supports FTP or you can fire up a terminal and do ftp ftp://ftp.is.co.za/mirror/centos/.