Interpreting pprof heap diagrams
When I profile the heap in go with pprof I get the following:
However, I'm not clear on how to interpret that visualization. In particular:
"The memory next to the arrows means _____ and the memory inside of a box means ______. So when a box has multiple arrows from it, it means _____, and when it has multiple arrows to it, it means _____".
Solution
- the perceived cumulative memory consumption of this function including all of its subfunctions
- the perceived memory consumption of this function excluding all of its subfunctions
- that it calls multiple subfunctions
- that multiple functions call it
No difference between the meaning of the arrows between the heap and the CPU profiling mode.
You may be interested in the output of the top pprof command, which can give you results in the following form:
9701.61kB of 9701.61kB total ( 100%) Dropped 112 nodes (cum <=
48.51kB) Showing top 10 nodes out of 29 (cum >= 3611.54kB)
flat flat% sum% cum cum%
4549.72kB 46.90% 46.90% 4549.72kB 46.90% mystery.function
2587.52kB 26.67% 73.57% 2587.52kB 26.67% reflect.unsafe_NewArray
1024.02kB 10.56% 84.12% 1024.02kB 10.56% encoding/xml.copyValue
514kB 5.30% 89.42% 514kB 5.30% compress/gzip.NewReader
514kB 5.30% 94.72% 514kB 5.30% net/http.(*Transport).dialConn
512.34kB 5.28% 100% 512.34kB 5.28% runtime.makeslice
0 0% 100% 514kB 5.30% bytes.(*Buffer).ReadFrom
0 0% 100% 3611.54kB 37.23% encoding/xml.(*Decoder).Decode
0 0% 100% 3611.54kB 37.23% encoding/xml.(*Decoder).DecodeElement
0 0% 100% 3611.54kB 37.23% encoding/xml.(*Decoder).unmarshal
And here are (IMHO) the two best references for Go heap profiling with pprof:
- Value receiver vs. pointer receiver
- Dockerfile for Go and chromedp
- How to add default header to response in golang gin?
- How do I unregister a Handler in net/http?
- Golang no packages found for open file sodium
- Is there a way to do repetitive tasks at intervals?
- Is main.go required in a Go project?
- How to validate UUID v4 in Go?
- A good way to build a subrouter with net/http
- How to omit conditional field of struct within marshal
- go version command shows old version number after update to 1.8
- How to get the rows affected by an update query and also the returned value from the query?
- Go language: duplicate string constants compilation
- Terraform destroys resources while defining new one
- Can I add "optional" to an existing primitive field in proto3? Is it backwards compatible for Golang code?
- Run Single Go Test With launch.json Configuration
- VictoriaMetrics: missing 'metric' object
- Taking a repository to v2
- Does go auto-bind funcs to struct?
- Dirty database version error when using golang-migrate
- How does middleware work in chi routing in Go and what does http.Handler argument refers to in middleware?
- PocketBase event OnAfterBootstrap
- How to set an exact position for a button in a window?
- GORM error: "operator does not exist: bigint = text"
- golang socket doesn't send all bytes before Write() method returns
- How to return a newly created record back from the database using gorm
- All of a sudden go tool: no such tool "compile"
- How to remove redundant spaces/whitespace from a string in Golang?
- Why does reading from a TCP socket over Amazon AMI give an io.EOF error after a while?
- Logging All HTTP Request and Response from done through an HTTP Client