According to the documentation on value classes, they may be allocated under a number of circumstances:
Allocation Summary
a value class is treated as another type.
a value class is assigned to an array.
doing runtime type tests, such as pattern matching.
Is there anyway to say,throw a compilation error if these circumstances occur?
There is nothing built-in (AFAIK).
You could write an SBT plugin which inspects the .class files after compile task finishes (using a library like BCEL, ASM, etc.) and fails if it finds any value class constructor calls.
Alternately, you should be able to do the same with a compiler plugin (unfortunately, documentation I was able to find is quite old) with a little more difficulty.