pythonparameter-passingvariadic-functionspositional-argument

Parameter list with single argument


When testing Python parameter list with a single argument, I found some weird behavior with print.

>>> def hi(*x):
...     print(x)
...
>>> hi()
()
>>> hi(1,2)
(1, 2)
>>> hi(1)
(1,)

Could any one explain to me what the last comma mean in hi(1)'s result (i.e. (1,))


Solution

  • Actually the behavior is only a little bit "weird." :-)

    Your parameter x is prefixed with a star, which means all the arguments you pass to the function will be "rolled up" into a single tuple, and x will be that tuple.

    The value (1,) is the way Python writes a tuple of one value, to contrast it with (1), which would be the number 1.

    Here is a more general case:

    def f(x, *y):
        return "x is {} and y is {}".format(x, y)
    

    Here are some runs:

    >>> f(1)
    'x is 1 and y is ()'
    >>> f(1, 2)
    'x is 1 and y is (2,)'   
    >>> f(1, 2, 3)
    'x is 1 and y is (2, 3)'
    >>> f(1, 2, 3, 4)
    'x is 1 and y is (2, 3, 4)'
    

    Notice how the first argument goes to x and all subsequent arguments are packed into the tuple y. You might just have found the way Python represents tuples with 0 or 1 components a little weird, but it makes sense when you realize that (1) has to be a number and so there has to be some way to represent a single-element tuple. Python just uses the trailing comma as a convention, that's all.