In the Archimate 3 Application Layer Metamodel there is no explicit realization relation between an "Application Component" and an "Application Service". However, in the example of section 12.3 there is such relation. How should I understand this?
Section 12.3 shows a derived relation implied from the metamodel so it is consistent.
Details: 1. The metamodel shows that a component can be assigned to a function which can realize a service. 2. Realization derive from (Assignation followed by Realization) 3. So a component can realize (derived) a service
Many (if not most) relations you will be using when working on real life examples will be derived, as you only want to show the concepts you are interested in.