I'm trying to make a GUI for my stepper motor controller. I have absolutely no background in programming but reading here and watching several tutorials I produced a piece of code that is looking and behaving the way I think it should do.
A part of the code is down here. What is the challenge? (at least for me): When I select the button "Time Lapse" the window opens and shows a couple of buttons which have no function yet. There are also 4 entry boxes and a keypad. And here I'm hitting the wall: When I select an entry box I want to use the keypad to input the numbers. (I want to sort out the DEL-button later myself). I think I need bindings/definitions/insert/commands but I have no idea how. At this moment only entry box 4 is populated by the keypad.
import Tkinter as tk
from Tkinter import *
LARGE_FONT = ("Verdana", 12, 'underline', 'bold')
SMALL_FONT = ('Helvetica', 10, 'underline')
# MTC = Macro Time Controller
class MTC(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
tk.Tk.wm_title(self, "Macro Slider - Time Lapse - Controller")
container = tk.Frame(self, borderwidth=5, relief="sunken")
container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.frames = {}
for F in (StartPage, Page3):
frame = F(container, self,)
self.frames[F] = frame
frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="news")
self.show_frame(StartPage)
def show_frame(self, cont):
frame = self.frames[cont]
frame.tkraise()
class StartPage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
label = tk.Label(self, text="Main Menu", font=LARGE_FONT)
label.pack(pady=30, padx=30)
button = tk.Button(self, text="Steppermotor Test", font=SMALL_FONT,
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(Page1))
button.place(x=50, y=125, height=80, width=110)
button2 = tk.Button(self, text="Macro Stacking", font=SMALL_FONT,
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(Page2))
button2.place(x=250, y=125, height=80, width=110)
button3 = tk.Button(self, text="Time Lapse", font=SMALL_FONT,
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(Page3))
button3.place(x=450, y=125, height=80, width=110)
button4 = tk.Button(self, text="In Development", font=SMALL_FONT,
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(Page4))
button4.place(x=650, y=125, height=80, width=110)
button5 = tk.Button(self, text="Quit", font=SMALL_FONT,
command=self.quit)
button5.place(x=350, y=300, height=80, width=110)
class Page3(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
label = tk.Label(self, text="Time Lapse!!!", font=LARGE_FONT)
label.pack(pady=30, padx=30)
def on_entry_click1(event):
"""function that gets called whenever entry is clicked"""
if e1.get() == 'Enter settings 1...':
e1.delete(0, "end") # delete all the text in the entry
e1.insert(0, '') # Insert blank for user input
e1.config(fg='black')
def on_entry_click2(event):
"""function that gets called whenever entry is clicked"""
if e2.get() == 'Enter settings 2...':
e2.delete(0, "end") # delete all the text in the entry
e2.insert(0, '') # Insert blank for user input
e2.config(fg='black')
def on_entry_click3(event):
"""function that gets called whenever entry is clicked"""
if e3.get() == 'Enter settings 3...':
e3.delete(0, "end") # delete all the text in the entry
e3.insert(0, '') # Insert blank for user input
e3.config(fg='black')
def on_entry_click4(event):
"""function that gets called whenever entry is clicked"""
if e4.get() == 'Enter settings 4...':
e4.delete(0, "end") # delete all the text in the entry
e4.insert(0, '') # Insert blank for user input
e4.config(fg='black')
def set_text(text):
e1.insert(END, text)
return
def set_text(text):
e2.insert(END, text)
return
def set_text(text):
e3.insert(END, text)
return
def set_text(text):
e4.insert(END, text)
return
def toggle():
if t_btn.config('text')[-1] == 'Forward':
t_btn.config(text='Reverse')
else:
t_btn.config(text='Forward')
button1 = Button(self, text="Back to Main Menu",
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(StartPage))
button1.pack(padx=50, pady=15)
tk.Radiobutton(self, text="Full Step", indicatoron=0, width=6, padx=20, value=1, variable=1).place(x=20, y=150)
tk.Radiobutton(self, text="Half Step", indicatoron=0, width=6, padx=20, value=2, variable=1).place(x=110, y=150)
tk.Radiobutton(self, text="Quarter Step", indicatoron=0, width=6, padx=20, value=3, variable=1).place(x=200, y=150)
tk.Radiobutton(self, text="Either Step", indicatoron=0, width=6, padx=20, value=4, variable=1).place(x=290, y=150)
tk.Radiobutton(self, text="Sixteenth Step", indicatoron=0, width=6, padx=20, value=5, variable=1).place(x=380, y=150)
t_btn = Button(self, text="Forward", width=12, command=toggle)
t_btn.place(x=250, y=350)
tk.button = Button(self, text='Move', width=12).place(x=350, y=350)
e1 = Entry(self, bd=1, width=10, justify=RIGHT)
e1.insert(0, 'Enter settings 1...')
e1.bind('<FocusIn>', on_entry_click1)
e1.config(fg='red')
e1.place(x=25, y=200)
label1 = tk.Label(self, text="Input 1")
label1.place(x=100, y=200)
e2 = Entry(self, bd=1, width=10, justify=RIGHT)
e2.insert(0, 'Enter settings 2...')
e2.bind('<FocusIn>', on_entry_click2)
e2.config(fg='red')
e2.place(x=25, y=225)
label2 = tk.Label(self, text="Input 2")
label2.place(x=100, y=225)
e3 = Entry(self, bd=1, width=10, justify=RIGHT)
e3.insert(0, 'Enter settings 3...')
e3.bind('<FocusIn>', on_entry_click3)
e3.config(fg='red')
e3.place(x=25, y=250)
label3 = tk.Label(self, text="Input 3")
label3.place(x=100, y=250)
e4 = Entry(self, bd=1, width=10, justify=RIGHT)
e4.insert(0, 'Enter settings 4...')
e4.bind('<FocusIn>', on_entry_click4)
e4.config(fg='red')
e4.place(x=25, y=275)
label4 = tk.Label(self, text="Input 4")
label4.place(x=100, y=275)
# Numeric Keypad
sev = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="7", command=lambda:set_text("7"))
sev.place(x=600, y=150, width=50, height=50)
eig = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="8", command=lambda:set_text("8"))
eig.place(x=650, y=150, width=50, height=50)
nin = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="9", command=lambda:set_text("9"))
nin.place(x=700, y=150, width=50, height=50)
fou = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="4", command=lambda:set_text("4"))
fou.place(x=600, y=200, width=50, height=50)
fiv = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="5", command=lambda:set_text("5"))
fiv.place(x=650, y=200, width=50, height=50)
six = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="6", command=lambda:set_text("6"))
six.place(x=700, y=200, width=50, height=50)
one = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="1", command=lambda:set_text("1"))
one.place(x=600, y=250, width=50, height=50)
two = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="2", command=lambda:set_text("2"))
two.place(x=650, y=250, width=50, height=50)
thr = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="3", command=lambda:set_text("3"))
thr.place(x=700, y=250, width=50, height=50)
dot = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text=".", command=lambda:set_text("."))
dot.place(x=600, y=300, width=50, height=50)
zer = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="0", command=lambda:set_text("0"))
zer.place(x=650, y=300, width=50, height=50)
bck = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="Del")
bck.place(x=700, y=300, width=50, height=50)
app = MTC()
app.geometry("800x480+200+0")
app.mainloop()
I used the focus_get function to get the widget that has the keyboard focus because it's the selected entry. Then I insert the number in this entry. Below is an example:
import Tkinter as tk
class App(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self):
tk.Tk.__init__(self)
self.entries = [tk.Entry(self) for i in range(4)]
for i,e in enumerate(self.entries):
e.grid(row=i, column=0)
keypad_frame = tk.Frame(self)
keypad_frame.grid(row=0, rowspan=4, column=1, sticky="eswn")
tk.Button(keypad_frame, text="7", command=lambda: self.set_text("7")).grid(row=0, column=0)
tk.Button(keypad_frame, text="8", command=lambda: self.set_text("8")).grid(row=0, column=1)
tk.Button(keypad_frame, text="9", command=lambda: self.set_text("9")).grid(row=0, column=2)
tk.Button(keypad_frame, text="4", command=lambda: self.set_text("4")).grid(row=1, column=0)
tk.Button(keypad_frame, text="5", command=lambda: self.set_text("5")).grid(row=1, column=1)
tk.Button(keypad_frame, text="6", command=lambda: self.set_text("6")).grid(row=1, column=2)
tk.Button(keypad_frame, text="1", command=lambda: self.set_text("1")).grid(row=2, column=0)
tk.Button(keypad_frame, text="2", command=lambda: self.set_text("2")).grid(row=2, column=1)
tk.Button(keypad_frame, text="3", command=lambda: self.set_text("3")).grid(row=2, column=2)
tk.Button(keypad_frame, text="0", command=lambda: self.set_text("0")).grid(row=3, column=1)
self.mainloop()
def set_text(self, text):
widget = self.focus_get()
if widget in self.entries:
widget.insert("insert", text)
if __name__ == "__main__":
App()
The "insert" index correspond to the current position of the cursor in the entry.
EDIT: Below is the full code for the Page3 class using my solution. I made set_text a method (I put it outside __init__) and I made the entries e1, .., e4 attributes of Page3 so that in set_text, we can check that the widget that has focus is one of them.
class Page3(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
label = tk.Label(self, text="Time Lapse!!!", font=LARGE_FONT)
label.pack(pady=30, padx=30)
def toggle():
if t_btn.config('text')[-1] == 'Forward':
t_btn.config(text='Reverse')
else:
t_btn.config(text='Forward')
button1 = Button(self, text="Back to Main Menu",
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(StartPage))
button1.pack(padx=50, pady=15)
tk.Radiobutton(self, text="Full Step", indicatoron=0, width=6, padx=20, value=1, variable=1).place(x=20, y=150)
tk.Radiobutton(self, text="Half Step", indicatoron=0, width=6, padx=20, value=2, variable=1).place(x=110, y=150)
tk.Radiobutton(self, text="Quarter Step", indicatoron=0, width=6, padx=20, value=3, variable=1).place(x=200, y=150)
tk.Radiobutton(self, text="Either Step", indicatoron=0, width=6, padx=20, value=4, variable=1).place(x=290, y=150)
tk.Radiobutton(self, text="Sixteenth Step", indicatoron=0, width=6, padx=20, value=5, variable=1).place(x=380, y=150)
t_btn = Button(self, text="Forward", width=12, command=toggle)
t_btn.place(x=250, y=350)
tk.button = Button(self, text='Move', width=12).place(x=350, y=350)
self.e1 = Entry(self, bd=1, width=10, justify=RIGHT)
self.e1.insert(0, 'Enter settings 1...')
self.e1.config(fg='red')
self.e1.place(x=25, y=200)
label1 = tk.Label(self, text="Input 1")
label1.place(x=100, y=200)
self.e2 = Entry(self, bd=1, width=10, justify=RIGHT)
self.e2.insert(0, 'Enter settings 2...')
self.e2.config(fg='red')
self.e2.place(x=25, y=225)
label2 = tk.Label(self, text="Input 2")
label2.place(x=100, y=225)
self.e3 = Entry(self, bd=1, width=10, justify=RIGHT)
self.e3.insert(0, 'Enter settings 3...')
self.e3.config(fg='red')
self.e3.place(x=25, y=250)
label3 = tk.Label(self, text="Input 3")
label3.place(x=100, y=250)
self.e4 = Entry(self, bd=1, width=10, justify=RIGHT)
self.e4.insert(0, 'Enter settings 4...')
self.e4.config(fg='red')
self.e4.place(x=25, y=275)
label4 = tk.Label(self, text="Input 4")
label4.place(x=100, y=275)
# Numeric Keypad
sev = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="7", command=lambda:self.set_text("7"))
sev.place(x=600, y=150, width=50, height=50)
eig = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="8", command=lambda:self.set_text("8"))
eig.place(x=650, y=150, width=50, height=50)
nin = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="9", command=lambda:self.set_text("9"))
nin.place(x=700, y=150, width=50, height=50)
fou = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="4", command=lambda:self.set_text("4"))
fou.place(x=600, y=200, width=50, height=50)
fiv = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="5", command=lambda:self.set_text("5"))
fiv.place(x=650, y=200, width=50, height=50)
six = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="6", command=lambda:self.set_text("6"))
six.place(x=700, y=200, width=50, height=50)
one = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="1", command=lambda:self.set_text("1"))
one.place(x=600, y=250, width=50, height=50)
two = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="2", command=lambda:self.set_text("2"))
two.place(x=650, y=250, width=50, height=50)
thr = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="3", command=lambda:self.set_text("3"))
thr.place(x=700, y=250, width=50, height=50)
dot = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text=".", command=lambda:self.set_text("."))
dot.place(x=600, y=300, width=50, height=50)
zer = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="0", command=lambda:self.set_text("0"))
zer.place(x=650, y=300, width=50, height=50)
bck = tk.Button(self, bd=3, text="Del")
bck.place(x=700, y=300, width=50, height=50)
def set_text(self, text):
widget = self.focus_get()
if widget in [self.e1, self.e2, self.e3, self.e4]:
widget.insert("insert", text)
Remark: I am not sure that's a good idea to use the place method for the layout because it is complicated not to have overlapping widgets (when I run your code the entries are half covered by labels). I suggest you to switch to either pack or grid that automatically put widgets side by side without any overlapping.