In Visual Studio 2017's New Project dialog, there is no entry for Windows Installer XML (WiX).
Is it possible to enable WiX projects in Visual Studio 2017?
WiX v3.11.0.1507 provides full support for the VS 2017 Extension For WiX. The Release Notes provide insight into why it has taken so long to provide the extension and compatibility with the extension and older versions of WiX
Note: You can use the "WiX Toolset Visual Studio 2017 Extension" with previous versions of the WiX Toolset but there is a forwards compatibility issue when building managed custom actions that is only fixed in the WiX v3.11 RC release. In other words, if you have managed custom actions and you want to use VS 2017 then you must upgrade to WiX v3.11 RC.
Edit: The VS 2019 Extension is now available.
Edit: The VS 2022 Extension is now available.
The Wix Releases Page has links to the other extensions.