I'm able to get the values using MagickCore::Quantum, but I'm still not able to set RGB values for a pixel.
I'm assuming you are getting the pixels into a cache with Magick::Image.getPixels
.
After editing the Quantum values, just call Magick::Image.syncPixels
to copy the values back.
Magick::Image img("rose:");
// Create cache of pixel data
Magick::Quantum * pixels = img.getPixels(5, 5, 1, 1);
// Set values
Magick::Color green("GREEN");
pixels[0] = green.quantumRed();
pixels[1] = green.quantumGreen();
pixels[2] = green.quantumBlue();
// Copy cache back.
img.syncPixels();
img.write("output.png");