I'm trying to prove that the precondition of "prepend" holds during the execution of the program below. The precondition is:
Length (Container) < Container.Capacity
My attempts at proving this are in the code below in the form of pragmas. I can prove this precondition holds for a single loop but not for a double loop. I can't find any examples for double loops, though I've found examples of very complex loop invariants.
Spec:
with Ada.Containers.Formal_Doubly_Linked_Lists; use Ada.Containers;
package spec with SPARK_Mode is
MAX_ILLUMINATION_SOURCES : constant Count_Type := 250001;
package Illumination_Sources_Pkg is new
Ada.Containers.Formal_Doubly_Linked_Lists
(Element_Type => Positive);
Illumination_Sources :
Illumination_Sources_Pkg.List(MAX_ILLUMINATION_SOURCES);
end spec;
Body:
with spec; use spec;
with Ada.Containers; use Ada.Containers;
procedure Main with SPARK_Mode
is
begin
Illumination_Sources_Pkg.Clear(Illumination_Sources);
for Y in 1 .. 500 loop
pragma Loop_Invariant( Y <= 500 );
for X in 1 .. 500 loop
Illumination_Sources_Pkg.Prepend(Illumination_Sources, 17);
pragma Loop_Invariant( X <= 500 and X*Y <= 500*500 and
Illumination_Sources_Pkg.Length(Illumination_Sources) <= Count_Type(X*Y) and
Count_Type(X*Y) < Illumination_Sources.Capacity);
end loop;
end loop;
end Main;
The error is "loop invariant might fail in first iteration, cannot prove Illumination_Sources_Pkg.Length(Illumination_Sources) <= X*Y" It doesn't say that it might fail after the first iteration, so that's something.
Choosing the limits (we separate the limits on the outer and inner loop, to make things clear):
package Double_Loop
with SPARK_Mode
is
Outer_Limit : constant := 500;
Inner_Limit : constant := 500;
end Double_Loop;
We instantiate the generic package as a library level package:
pragma SPARK_Mode;
with Ada.Containers.Formal_Doubly_Linked_Lists;
package Double_Loop.Lists is
new Ada.Containers.Formal_Doubly_Linked_Lists (Element_Type => Positive);
Specification of the main program:
procedure Double_Loop.Run with SPARK_Mode;
And then the body of the main program:
with Ada.Containers;
with Double_Loop.Lists;
procedure Double_Loop.Run with SPARK_Mode is
use all type Ada.Containers.Count_Type;
Data : Lists.List (Capacity => Outer_Limit * Inner_Limit);
begin
Lists.Clear (Data);
Outer :
for Y in Ada.Containers.Count_Type range 1 .. Outer_Limit loop
Inner :
for X in Ada.Containers.Count_Type range 1 .. Inner_Limit loop
Lists.Prepend (Container => Data,
New_Item => 17);
pragma Loop_Invariant
(Lists.Length (Data) = (Y - 1) * Inner_Limit + X);
end loop Inner;
pragma Loop_Invariant (Lists.Length (Data) = Y * Inner_Limit);
end loop Outer;
end Double_Loop.Run;
Notice how I've focused on the evolution in the length of the list in the loop invariants.