I have many IoT devices sending data currently to MySQL Database.
I want to port it to some other Database, which will be Open Source and provide me with:
Shaping your database based on input data is a mistake. Think of tomorrow your data will be CSV or XML, in a slight different format. Design your database based on your abstract data model, normalize it and apply existing data to your model. Shape your structure based on what input you have and what output you plan to get. If you retrieve the same content as the input, storing data in files will be sufficient, you don't need a database.
Also, you don't want to store "raw" records the database. Even if your database can compose a data record out of the raw element at run time, you cannot run a selection based on a certain extracted element, without visiting all the records.
Most of the databases allow you to connect from anywhere (there is not such thing as better support of PostgreSQL in Java as compared to Python, but the quality and level of standardization for drivers may vary). The question is what features shall your driver support. For example, you may require support for bulk import (don't issue large INSERT sets to the database).
What you actually look for is: