How can I get a random key-value pair from a dictionary?

In Python, given a dictionary like

{
    'VENEZUELA': 'CARACAS',
    'CANADA': 'OTTAWA'
}

How can I choose a random item (key-value pair)?

What if I only need the key, or only the value - can it be optimized?

Make a list of the dictionary's items, and choose randomly from that in the usual way:

import random
d = {'VENEZUELA':'CARACAS', 'CANADA':'OTTAWA'}
country, capital = random.choice(list(d.items()))

Similarly, if only a value is needed, choose directly from the values:

capital = random.choice(list(d.values()))