I cannot seem to find any official documentation on this. This is what I have found so far using not-so-reliable means:
But I would like to get some official documentation on this before telling our clients that iOS now supports offline voice to text.
According to https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT208343
On iPhone 6s or later, iPhone SE, and iPad Pro, you can dictate without being connected to the Internet. Earlier models of iPhone and iPad require an Internet connection.
So you are correct that devices with A9+ processor can use dictation offline