1D Texture lookup table with fixed function pipeline

I want to create a 1D texture with OpenGL's (old) fixed function pipeline, which interpolated through three colors.

After looking online: glTexImage1D is commonly referred to. I cannot find any good simple sample codes for this, and I wouldn't know how to return a (RGB) value from this.

Does OpenGL (fixed function) have any methods for creating a 1D Texture, and returning an RGB value from this?

Yup, glTexImage1D() + GL_TEXTURE_1D:

#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>

GLuint tex = 0;
void display()
{
    glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT );

    glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_1D );
    glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_1D, tex );
    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
    glTexCoord1f( 0.0f );
    glVertex2f( -0.5f, -0.5f );
    glTexCoord1f( 0.5f );
    glVertex2f( 0.5f, -0.5f );
    glTexCoord1f( 1.0f );
    glVertex2f( 0.0f, 0.5f );
    glEnd();

    glutSwapBuffers();
}

int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
    glutInit( &argc, argv );
    glutInitDisplayMode( GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE );
    glutInitWindowSize( 400, 400 );
    glutCreateWindow( "GLUT" );
    glewInit();

    glGenTextures( 1, &tex );
    glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_1D, tex );
    unsigned char pixels[] =
    {
        255, 0, 0, 255,
        0, 255, 0, 255,
        0, 0, 255, 255,
    };
    glTexImage1D( GL_TEXTURE_1D, 0, GL_RGBA, 3, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixels );
    glTexEnvi( GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_DECAL );
    glTexParameteri( GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE );
    glTexParameteri( GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR );
    glTexParameteri( GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR );

    glutDisplayFunc( display );
    glutMainLoop();
    return 0;
}