We all know members specified protected
from a base class can only be accessed from a derived class own instance. This is a feature from the Standard, and this has been discussed on Stack Overflow multiple times:
But it seems possible to walk around this restriction with member pointers, as user chtz has shown me:
struct Base { protected: int value; };
struct Derived : Base
{
void f(Base const& other)
{
//int n = other.value; // error: 'int Base::value' is protected within this context
int n = other.*(&Derived::value); // ok??? why?
(void) n;
}
};
Why is this possible, is it a wanted feature or a glitch somewhere in the implementation or the wording of the Standard?
From comments emerged another question: if Derived::f
is called with an actual Base
, is it undefined behaviour?
The fact that a member is not accessible using class member access expr.ref (aclass.amember
) due to access control [class.access] does not make this member inaccessible using other expressions.
The expression &Derived::value
(whose type is int Base::*
) is perfectly standard compliant, and it designates the member value
of Base
. Then the expression a_base.*p
where p
is a pointer to a member of Base
and a_base
an instance of Base
is also standard compliant.
So any standard compliant compiler shall make the expression other.*(&Derived::value);
defined behavior: access the member value
of other
.