I ran a JMeter test for 193 samples where I could see my average response time as 5915ms and Throghput as 1.19832.
I just want to know how are they exactly related
TL;DR
No, but yes.
Both aren't related directly, but when increasing Throughput, it will probably affect server response time due to load/stress on server.
If there are timeout errors response time will probably increase.
But for validation or firewall errors - response time will probably decrease.
There's a long explanation in JMeter archive, last is using Disney to demonstrate:
Think of your last trip to disney or your favorite amusement park. Lets define capacity of the ride to be the number of people that can sit on the ride per turn (think roller coaster). Throughput will be the number of people that exit the ride per unit of time. Lets define service time the the amount of time you get to sit on the ride. Lets define response time or latency to be your time queuing for the ride (dead time) plus service time.