Link to project The interesting parts should be in gameengine.cpp's "launchSplash" -function and splashanimation.cpp
The game creates the bubbles randomly in the acceptable are. The player's job is to shoot the bubbles with water drops. The water drops are launched from the middle bottom part of the game screen. The grids are only used for debugging, and will later on be gone, but it makes visualizing the areas easier.
The bubbles are destroyed by shooting the water drop at them, but the water drop disappears when it hits a bubble or the upper boundary of the game. The water drop shoots to the direction of a mouse click.
I'm trying to create a collision detection for a basic bubble shooter game, but I'm not sure how I can detect the collision in a neat way.
The game board looks something like this game board, the water drops are shot from the middle bottom part of the screen to the direction of the cursor.
Eventually I'll have the water drop ricochet from the walls, but at the moment I'm contempt with figuring out how to detect collisions in the first place.
The game board is 500x600 units (width x height), so the point the water drop is shot at is (250, 600).
When the water drop is shot, I use
void GameEngine::launchSplash(int clickX, int clickY){
// <my long method of calculating the coordinates for the water drop's path>
graphicalGameBoard_.animateSplash(graphicalGameBoard_.width()/2, graphicalGameBoard_.height(), xDestination, yDestination);
}
where xDestination and yDestionation are the place the water drop will end up if it travels unhindered. The water drop will either end up at x=0 / x=500 and/or y=0/y=600, but I don't think that's relevant.
The bubbles are added to the game board with
board_.clear();
for(int y = 0; y < HEIGHT; ++y)
{
std::vector< std::shared_ptr<Bubble> > row;
for(int x = 0; x < WIDTH; ++x)
{
std::shared_ptr<Bubble> newBubble = nullptr;
// There will be bubbles only in the top 3/4 of the board only in the middle
// (i.e. not in the first two and last two columns).
if (y < HEIGHT*3/4 && x > 1 && x < WIDTH-2)
{
// Generate random numbers using the enumearation type defined in
// file bubble.hh. The value COLOR_COUNT is used to represent no bubble.
std::uniform_int_distribution<int> distribution(RED,COLOR_COUNT);
// If you want no empty squares, change the initialization to:
// std::uniform_int_distribution<int> distribution(RED,BLUE);
Color color = static_cast<Color>(distribution(randomEngine_));
if(color != COLOR_COUNT) {
newBubble = std::make_shared<Bubble>(x, y, color);
}
}
row.push_back(newBubble);
}
board_.push_back(row);
}
in the gameengine.cpp which draws the board and the water drop being shot at the bubbles.
The water drops are drawn using
SplashAnimation::SplashAnimation(GameBoard* scene, QPointF startPoint, QPointF endPoint):
QVariantAnimation(0),
scene_(scene),
item_()
{
scene_->addItem(&item_);
// The animation runs for the given duration and moves the splash
// smoothly from startpoint to endpoint.
setDuration(2000);
setKeyValueAt(0, QPointF(startPoint));
setKeyValueAt(1, QPointF(endPoint));
}
I figured there are two ways to do this: either the inbuilt QT Collision detection or doing a separate calculation. I was not able to work with QT Collision and my attempts at detecting the collision manually did not really work out too well.
I already have a function for detecting bubble objects at certain cells, but it's in column/row instead of raw coordinates (500x600).
std::shared_ptr<Bubble> GameEngine::bubbleAt(int x, int y) const
{
if (0 <= x and x < WIDTH and 0 <= y and y < HEIGHT){
return board_.at(y).at(x);
}
else{
return nullptr;
}
}
Edit: Currently I'm trying to work on something like this, but I'm afraid it's going to be a bit heavy for the game since it iterates so much (or not?):
for (int i = 0; i<600;++i)
{
xfract = (xDestination+250.0)/600.0;
yfract = (600.0-yDestination)/600.0;
xStep = xfract*i;
yStep = yfract*i;
if (xStep >= 50){
thisX = xStep/50-5;
}else{
thisX=5;
}
if (yStep >= 50){
thisY = 11-yStep/50 + 1;
}else{
thisY = 11;
}
thisX = abs(thisX);
if (bubbleAt(thisX, thisY)!=nullptr){
endX = xfract*i;
endY = yfract*i;
i = 600;
std::cout << "collision at x: "<<thisX<< " y: "<<thisY<<std::endl;
std::cout << "collision at x: "<<xStep<< " y: "<<yStep<<std::endl;
std::cout << graphicalGameBoard_.width() << " " << graphicalGameBoard_.height()<<std::endl;
removeBubble(thisX, thisY);
graphicalGameBoard_.removeBubble(thisX, thisY);
endY = 600-endY;
}
}
graphicalGameBoard_.animateSplash(graphicalGameBoard_.width()/2, graphicalGameBoard_.height(), endX, endY);
I'm trying to split the steps into small fractions and check if the current step has a bubble in it until the water drop reaches the end or finds a bubble.
This works on my only one of my sides in terms of calculating, but the animation is off the mark and right side (x>250) collision detection doesn't work at all for some reason (it hits seemingly random bubbles at impossible locations on the right side).
Edit^2: Here are things I've tried in order to work with the actual collision detection of QT:
Within splashanimation.cpp, where the water drop is drawn using
SplashAnimation::SplashAnimation(GameBoard* scene, QPointF startPoint, QPointF endPoint):
QVariantAnimation(0),
scene_(scene),
item_()
{
scene_->addItem(&item_);
// The animation runs for the given duration and moves the splash
// smoothly from startpoint to endpoint.
setDuration(2000);
setKeyValueAt(0, QPointF(startPoint));
setKeyValueAt(1, QPointF(endPoint));
}
SplashAnimation::~SplashAnimation()
{
scene_->removeItem(&item_);
}
void SplashAnimation::updateCurrentValue(QVariant const& value)
{
item_.setPos(value.toPointF());
}
where scene is QGraphicsScene, and the parent of this contains the bubbles.
I've tried this on both the gameboard.cpp (which is parent for bubbles and the animation) and splash.cpp (which animates the water drop), but both give me the same compilation errors.
QGraphicsItem::QGraphicsItem();
gives
error: cannot call constructor ?QGraphicsItem::QGraphicsItem? directly [-fpermissive] QGraphicsItem::QGraphicsItem(); ^
QList<QGraphicsItem *> list = collidingItems() ;
gives error: ?collidingItems? was not declared in this scope
QList<QGraphicsItem *> list = collidingItems() ;
^
QList<QGraphicsItem *> list = QGraphicsItem::collidingItems() ;
gives error: cannot call member function ?QList<QGraphicsItem*> QGraphicsItem::collidingItems(Qt::ItemSelectionMode) const? without object
QList<QGraphicsItem *> list = QGraphicsItem::collidingItems() ;
^
I also tried adding arguments, but nothing I had the mind to try worked any better.
In this answer I am going to give you some recommendations that you use to implement the solution:
Avoid using the following instruction, use the signals that is one of the most powerful elements of Qt and that the event loop does the work.
while (animations_.state() == QAbstractAnimation::Running)
{
QCoreApplication::processEvents(QEventLoop::AllEvents);
}
QGraphicsScene works with coordinates that support the floating point, so the coordinates of the scene are handled with QPointF.
Using the above, if you are going to send point information use QPointF instead of int, int in the signals.
Use the methods that Qt provides, for example the following:
if (0 <= clickPosition.x() and clickPosition.x() <= GRID_SIDE*WIDTH and
0 <= clickPosition.y() and clickPosition.y() <= GRID_SIDE*HEIGHT)
It can be reduced to the following:
if(sceneRect().contains(event->scenePos()))
The advantage of that implementation is that it is more readable
I do not understand why you can not implement collidingItems, maybe it's the configuration of your .pro,
Use the following to add the gui module, core and widgets
QT += core gui
greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets
Also to implement the animation use my previous answer
The complete and functional code can be found at the following link.