Azure SQL Server offers Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) by default, with the flick of a virtual switch:
There is no option to select an algorithm and I am not using "Bring Your Own Key".
Which encryption algorithm is being used and what is the key length?
All articles I find such as this one and this one have circular references to one another with no clear answer.
If you run this in your SQL Azure database
select * from sys.dm_database_encryption_keys
you should see the encryption algorithm being used and the key length.
In my case I have TDE enabled in one of my databases and I can see that the key_algorithm is AES and the key_lenght is 256.