I want to create a programmatically calculated field for Sharepoint 2010 using Visual Studio 2010 in C# language.
Is there a way to set a formula that will call to my own function and return a result back to the field?
My scenario:
Is it possible?
No, it is not possible. By changing the formula you are not adding any internal logic, so the field will not know what to do with your function. You can however build a custom field and incorporate there any logic you need. Of course it is not going to be identical to the built-in calculate field, but then you can add your own functions.