htmlcsschartspie-chart

Percent pie chart with css only


I've found pretty nice "percent pie chart" and want to create it with CSS only. No animation is required. Just static "picture".

Example 1

I understand If I wanna create this kind of chart I need to use elements like these

Example 2

The questions are

  1. How to create element #2 ?
  2. How to manage shape of element #2 for smaller (5%) or higher percent (80%) values ?

Solution

  • With modern techniques we can improve the code. You can have rounded edges and also consider animation:

    @property --p{
      syntax: '<number>';
      inherits: true;
      initial-value: 1;
    }
    
    .pie {
      --p:20;      /* the percentage */
      --b:22px;    /* the thickness */
      --c:darkred; /* the color */
      --w:150px;   /* the size*/
      
      width:var(--w);
      aspect-ratio:1/1;
      position:relative;
      display:inline-grid;
      margin:5px;
      place-content:center;
      font-size:25px;
      font-weight:bold;
      font-family:sans-serif;
    }
    .pie:before,
    .pie:after {
      content:"";
      position:absolute;
      border-radius:50%;
    }
    .pie:before {
      inset:0;
      background:
        radial-gradient(farthest-side,var(--c) 98%,#0000) top/var(--b) var(--b) no-repeat,
        conic-gradient(var(--c) calc(var(--p)*1%),#0000 0);
      -webkit-mask:radial-gradient(farthest-side,#0000 calc(99% - var(--b)),#000 calc(100% - var(--b)));
              mask:radial-gradient(farthest-side,#0000 calc(99% - var(--b)),#000 calc(100% - var(--b)));
    }
    .pie:after {
      inset:calc(50% - var(--b)/2);
      background:var(--c);
      transform:rotate(calc(var(--p)*3.6deg - 90deg)) translate(calc(var(--w)/2 - 50%));
    }
    .animate {
      animation:p 1s .5s both;
    }
    .no-round:before {
      background-size:0 0,auto;
    }
    .no-round:after {
      content:none;
    }
    @keyframes p{
      from{--p:0;}
    }
    
    body {
      background:#ddd;
    }
    <div class="pie" style="--p:20"> 20%</div>
    <div class="pie" style="--p:40;--c:darkblue;--b:10px"> 40%</div>
    <div class="pie no-round" style="--p:60;--c:purple;--b:15px"> 60%</div>
    <div class="pie animate" style="--p:80;--c:orange;"> 80%</div>
    <div class="pie animate no-round" style="--p:90;--c:lightgreen"> 90%</div>

    CSS only pie chart

    And a version with gradient coloration that you can also find on my website: https://css-shape.com/arc/

    @property --p{
      syntax: '<number>';
      inherits: true;
      initial-value: 1;
    }
    
    .pie {
      --p:20;      /* the percentage */
      --b:22px;    /* the thickness */
      --c:linear-gradient(darkred,blue); /* the color */
      --w:150px;   /* the size*/
      
      width: var(--w);
      aspect-ratio: 1;
      position: relative;
      display: inline-grid;
      margin: 5px;
      place-content:center;
      font-size:25px;
      font-weight:bold;
      font-family:sans-serif;
    }
    
    .pie:before {
      content:"";
      position: absolute;
      inset:0;
      background:red;
      padding: var(--b); 
      box-sizing: border-box;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background: var(--c);
      mask:
        linear-gradient(#0000 0 0) content-box intersect,
        conic-gradient(#000 calc(var(--p)*1%),#0000 0);
    }
    
    .animate {
      animation:p 1s .5s both;
    }
    .no-round:before {
      background-size:0 0,auto;
    }
    .no-round:after {
      content:none;
    }
    @keyframes p{
      from{--p:0;}
    }
    
    body {
      background:#eee;
    }
    <div class="pie" style="--p:20"> 20%</div>
    <div class="pie" style="--p:40;--c:linear-gradient(45deg,red,yellow);--b:10px"> 40%</div>
    <div class="pie" style="--p:60;--c:purple;--b:15px"> 60%</div>
    <div class="pie animate" style="--p:80;--c:linear-gradient(45deg,orange,pink);"> 80%</div>
    <div class="pie animate" style="--p:90;--c:conic-gradient(lightgreen,green)"> 90%</div>

    CSS only pie chart with gradients

    Old answer

    You can do this with multiple background.

    From 0% to 50%:

    .box {
      width: 100px;
      height: 100px;
      display: inline-block;
      border-radius: 50%;
      padding: 5px;
      background: 
        linear-gradient(#ccc, #ccc) content-box, 
        linear-gradient(var(--v), #f2f2f2 50%, transparent 0),
        linear-gradient(to right, #f2f2f2 50%, blue 0);
    }
    <div class="box" style="--v:-90deg"></div><!-- 0% -->
    <div class="box" style="--v:-45deg"></div><!-- 12.5% -->
    <div class="box" style="--v:  0deg"></div><!-- 25% -->
    <div class="box" style="--v: 45deg"></div><!-- 37.5% -->
    <div class="box" style="--v: 90deg"></div><!-- 50% -->
    
    <p>The formula is [p = (18/5) * x - 90]. <small>Where x is the percentage and p the degree</small></p>
    <p>for x = 5% --> p = -72deg </p>
    <div class="box" style="--v:-72deg"></div>

    From 50% to 100%:

    .box {
      width:100px;
      height:100px;
      display:inline-block;
      border-radius:50%;
      padding:5px;
      background:
        linear-gradient(#ccc,#ccc) content-box,
        linear-gradient(var(--v), blue 50%,transparent 0),
        linear-gradient(to right, #f2f2f2 50%,blue 0);
    }
    <div class="box" style="--v:-90deg"></div><!-- 50% -->
    <div class="box" style="--v:-45deg"></div><!-- 62.5% -->
    <div class="box" style="--v:  0deg"></div><!-- 75% -->
    <div class="box" style="--v: 45deg"></div><!-- 87.5% -->
    <div class="box" style="--v: 90deg"></div><!-- 100% -->
    
    <p>The formula is [p = (18/5) * x - 270]. <small>Where x is the percentage and p the degree</small></p>
    <p>for x = 80% --> p = 18deg </p>
    <div class="box" style="--v:18deg"></div>

    You can combine both like this:

    .box {
      width:100px;
      height:100px;
      display:inline-block;
      border-radius:50%;
      padding:5px;
      background:
        linear-gradient(#ccc,#ccc) content-box,
        linear-gradient(var(--v), #f2f2f2 50%,transparent 0) 0/calc(var(--s)*100%)      ,
        linear-gradient(var(--v), blue    50%,transparent 0) 0/calc((1 - var(--s))*100%),
        linear-gradient(to right, #f2f2f2 50%,blue 0);
    }
    <div class="box" style="--v:-90deg;--s:1"></div>
    <div class="box" style="--v:0deg;--s:1"></div>
    <div class="box" style="--v:90deg;--s:1"></div>
    <div class="box" style="--v:0deg;--s:0"></div>
    <div class="box" style="--v:90deg;--s:0"></div>

    Now we can optimize like below to consider percetange value:

    .box {
      
      --v:calc( ((18/5) * var(--p) - 90)*1deg);
    
      width:100px;
      height:100px;
      display:inline-block;
      border-radius:50%;
      padding:10px;
      background:
        linear-gradient(#ccc,#ccc) content-box,
        linear-gradient(var(--v), #f2f2f2     50%,transparent 0) 0/min(100%,(50 - var(--p))*100%),
        linear-gradient(var(--v), transparent 50%,blue        0) 0/min(100%,(var(--p) - 50)*100%),
        linear-gradient(to right, #f2f2f2 50%,blue 0);
    }
    <div class="box" style="--p:5;"></div>
    <div class="box" style="--p:20;"></div>
    <div class="box" style="--p:50;"></div>
    <div class="box" style="--p:60;"></div>
    <div class="box" style="--p:75;"></div>
    <div class="box" style="--p:100;"></div>

    CSS pie chart

    Related question to get another version: Creating a static pie chart with CSS


    We can also consider mask to add transparency:

    .box {
      
      --v:calc( ((18/5) * var(--p) - 90)*1deg);
    
      width:100px;
      height:100px;
      display:inline-block;
      border-radius:50%;
      padding:10px;
      background:
        linear-gradient(var(--v), #f2f2f2     50%,transparent 0) 0/min(100%,(50 - var(--p))*100%),
        linear-gradient(var(--v), transparent 50%,blue        0) 0/min(100%,(var(--p) - 50)*100%),
        linear-gradient(to right, #f2f2f2 50%,blue 0);
      -webkit-mask:
        linear-gradient(#fff 0 0) content-box,
        linear-gradient(#fff 0 0);
      -webkit-mask-composite:destination-out;
      mask-composite:exclude;
    }
    
    body {
      background:linear-gradient(to right,red,yellow);
    }
    <div class="box" style="--p:5;"></div>
    <div class="box" style="--p:20;"></div>
    <div class="box" style="--p:50;"></div>
    <div class="box" style="--p:60;"></div>
    <div class="box" style="--p:75;"></div>
    <div class="box" style="--p:100;"></div>

    CSS pie chart with transparency

    Also like below:

    .box {
      
      --v:calc( ((18/5) * var(--p) - 90)*1deg);
    
      width:100px;
      height:100px;
      display:inline-block;
      border-radius:50%;
      padding:10px;
      background:
        linear-gradient(var(--v), transparent 50%,blue        0) 0/min(100%,(var(--p) - 50)*100%),
        linear-gradient(to right, transparent 50%,blue 0);
      -webkit-mask:
        linear-gradient(var(--v), #f2f2f2     50%,transparent 0) 0/min(100%,(50 - var(--p))*100%),
        linear-gradient(#fff 0 0) content-box,
        linear-gradient(#fff 0 0);
      -webkit-mask-composite:destination-out;
      mask-composite:exclude;
    }
    
    body {
      background:linear-gradient(to right,red,yellow);
    }
    <div class="box" style="--p:5;"></div>
    <div class="box" style="--p:20;"></div>
    <div class="box" style="--p:50;"></div>
    <div class="box" style="--p:60;"></div>
    <div class="box" style="--p:75;"></div>
    <div class="box" style="--p:100;"></div>

    transparent pie chart using CSS mask

    Related: Border Gradient with Border Radius