I know it is possible to extract the road network of a city via the OSMNX python package. See details at https://geoffboeing.com/2016/11/osmnx-python-street-networks/ .
paris_network = ox.gdf_from_place("Paris")
But, let's say I do not want that level of high details, but rather only big freeways of a whole country. I'm looking for something like :
france_big_expressway_network = ox.gdf_from_place("France", road_type = "freeway")
I guess it might comes from the "infrastructure" argument but as a newbie I really do not get how to use it precisely.
Yes you can do this with OSMnx:
import osmnx as ox
ox.settings.log_console = True
cf = '["highway"~"motorway"]'
G = ox.graph_from_place('France', network_type='drive', custom_filter=cf)
fig, ax = ox.plot_graph(G)
See also this answer if you'd like to filter by multiple highway tag values (e.g., retain all motorways AND primary roads).
See the OSMnx docs for more usage details.