Pandas Dataframe Multiindex Merge

Here is a hypothetical scenario with multiindex dataframes in pandas. Trying to merge them will result in an error. Do I have to do reset_index() on either dataframe to make this work?

arrays = [['bar', 'bar', 'baz', 'baz', 'foo', 'foo', 'qux', 'qux'],
          ['one', 'two', 'one', 'two', 'one', 'two', 'one', 'two']]
tuples = list(zip(*arrays))
index1 = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(tuples, names=['first', 'second'])
index2 = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(tuples, names=['third', 'fourth'])

s1 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(8), index=index1, columns=['s1'])
s2 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(8), index=index2, columns=['s2'])

Attempted merges:

s1.merge(s2, how='left', left_index=True, right_index=True)

• Editor's note: The error for this one was most likely ValueError: cannot join with no overlapping index names. Tested with Pandas 2.2.3

s1.merge(s2, how='left', left_on=['first', 'second'], right_on=['third', 'fourth'])

• Editor's note: It's not clear what error occurred here. If you know, please add it.

Seems like you need to use a combination of them.

s1.merge(s2, left_index=True, right_on=['third', 'fourth'])
#s1.merge(s2, right_index=True, left_on=['first', 'second'])

Output:

               s1        s2
bar one  0.765385 -0.365508
    two  1.462860  0.751862
baz one  0.304163  0.761663
    two -0.816658 -1.810634
foo one  1.891434  1.450081
    two  0.571294  1.116862
qux one  1.056516 -0.052927
    two -0.574916 -1.197596