How to check the parse or syntax error in Yii2 code Standard?

I have used this phpcs.xml.dist to check for code standard:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ruleset name="Yii2">
    <description>Yii 2 Web Application Framework Coding Standard</description>

    <rule ref="PSR2">
        <!-- Property names MUST start with an initial underscore if they are private. -->
        <exclude name="PSR2.Classes.PropertyDeclaration.Underscore"/>

        <!-- Opening parenthesis of a multi-line function call must be the last content on the line. -->
        <!-- Closing parenthesis of a multi-line function call must be on a line by itself. -->
        <!-- Only one argument is allowed per line in a multi-line function call. -->
        <exclude name="PEAR.Functions.FunctionCallSignature"/>

        <!-- We don't have line length (line width) limits. -->
        <exclude name="Generic.Files.LineLength"/>

        <!-- CASE keyword must be indented 4 spaces from SWITCH keyword. -->
        <exclude name="PSR2.ControlStructures.SwitchDeclaration"/>
    </rule>

    <!-- Property declaration rules. -->
    <!-- TODO: -->

    <!-- Function call signature. -->
    <!-- TODO: -->

    <!-- Switch declaration. -->
    <!-- TODO: -->

    <!-- ... other Yii2 specific rules. -->
    <rule ref="Generic.Arrays.DisallowLongArraySyntax"/>

    <!-- If string doesn't contain variables or single quotes, use single quotes. -->
    <rule ref="Squiz.Strings.DoubleQuoteUsage.NotRequired"/>

    <!-- Replaces Yii2_Sniffs_Files_SpacesAroundConcatSniff -->
    <rule ref="Squiz.Strings.ConcatenationSpacing">
        <properties>
            <property name="spacing" value="1" />
            <property name="ignoreNewlines" value="true" />
        </properties>
    </rule>

    <!-- Replaces Yii2_Sniffs_Properties_PrivatePropertiesUnderscoreSniff -->
    <rule ref="Squiz.NamingConventions.ValidVariableName.PrivateNoUnderscore"/>

    <!-- https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer/issues/1008 -->
    <rule ref="Squiz.ControlStructures.ControlSignature">
        <properties>
            <property name="requiredSpacesBeforeColon" value="0" />
        </properties>
    </rule>

    <!-- Ignore for migrations. -->
    <!-- Ignore missing namespace for migrations -->
    <rule ref="PSR1.Classes.ClassDeclaration.MissingNamespace">
        <exclude-pattern>m\d{6}_\d{6}_.+\.php$</exclude-pattern>
    </rule>
    <!-- Ignore camel caps format for class name of migrations -->
    <rule ref="Squiz.Classes.ValidClassName.NotCamelCaps">
        <exclude-pattern>m\d{6}_\d{6}_.+\.php$</exclude-pattern>
    </rule>

    <!-- Ignore for tests. -->
    <!-- Ignore method name prefixed with underscore to indicate visibility -->
    <rule ref="PSR2.Methods.MethodDeclaration.Underscore">
        <exclude-pattern>tests?/*(Cest|Test).php$</exclude-pattern>
    </rule>
    <!-- Ignore declare new symbols and execute logic with side effects same file -->
    <rule ref="PSR1.Files.SideEffects.FoundWithSymbols">
        <exclude-pattern>/tests?*/_bootstrap.php$</exclude-pattern>
        <exclude-pattern>/web/(index|index-test).php$</exclude-pattern>
    </rule>
<rule ref="Generic.Files.LineLength">
     <properties>
         <property name="lineLimit" value="120" />
         <property name="absoluteLineLimit" value="120" />
     </properties>
 </rule>
    <exclude-pattern>*/i18n/data/*</exclude-pattern>
    <exclude-pattern>*/views/errorHandler/*</exclude-pattern>
    <exclude-pattern>*/requirements/*</exclude-pattern>

 <exclude-pattern>ProfileTarget.php</exclude-pattern>
</ruleset>

The command I am using for it is:

vendor/bin/phpcs --encoding=utf-8 --extensions=php backend --colors

The file is in root directory. How can I use it to check for parse or syntax errors? It shows error for formatting, string error and other rules included in this file.

I can use this command to check the parse error for the single file:

php -l backend/controllers/AdvertisementController.php

I want to check the whole folder for any syntax or parse errors.

For syntax errors, there is the PHP linter. You can call it from within PHPCS by adding the Generic.PHP.Syntax sniff to your (custom) ruleset.

Add the below in your phpcs.xml.dist.

<rule ref="Generic.PHP.Syntax"/>