I've migrated several Exchange 2013 to 2016 servers, but never did I encounter this error while installing Exchange 2016 on a fresh Windows Server 2016 VM:
Error message: http://misc.schattorie.nl/err.txt
I'm kind of lost now :S
Edit: The server has also received al the Windows UPdates, I started installing Exchange 2016 CU8 first, but when it failed with this error, I tried CU11, which resulted in the same error...
Well, apparently when in step 6 at 97% the setup hangs, and than fails with the above error. For some reason I need to manually enable the Microsoft Exchange Active Directory Topology service, but you need to do it at this exact moment... For some reason the setup stops the service right before it's going to use it...