Credentials in pip.conf for private PyPI

I have a private PyPI repository. Is there any way to store credentials in pip.conf similar to .pypirc?

What I mean. Currently in .pypirc you can have such configuration:

[distutils]
index-servers = custom

[custom]
repository: https://pypi.example.com
username: johndoe
password: changeme

From what I've found that you can put in pip.conf:

[global]
index = https://username:password@pypi.example.com/pypi
index-url = https://username:password@pypi.example.com/simple
cert = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt

But here I see two problems:

For each url you'll need each time to specify the same username and password.
Username and password become visible in the logs, cause they are part of the url.

Is there any way to store username and password outside of url?

Solution

Ideally, you should configure Pip's keyring support. Some backends store credentials in an encrypted/protected form. Other parts of the packaging ecosystem, like Twine, also support keyring.

Alternatively, you could store credentials for Pip to use in ~/.netrc like this:

machine pypi.example.com
    login johndoe
    password changeme

Pip will use these credentials when accessing https://pypi.example.com but won't log them. You must specify the index server separately (such as in pip.conf as in the question).

Note that ~/.netrc must be owned by the user pip executes as. It must not be readable by any other user, either. An invalid file is silently ignored. You can ensure the permissions are correct like this:

chown $USER ~/.netrc
chmod 0600 ~/.netrc

This permissions check doesn't apply before Python 3.4, but it's a good idea in any case.

Internally Pip uses requests when making HTTP requests. requests uses the standard library netrc module to read the file, so the character set is limited to an ASCII subset.