Using localDate with UTC

I'm encountering a problem using LocalDate in UTC. My server uses UTC, and my database uses UTC. I used LocalDate to store a billingDate for a subscription based application.

What happens is that we bill at midnight UTC (when doing comparisions like billingDate <= LocalDate.now()). We actually mean to bill sometime after midnight PST.

I really felt like using LocalDate was appropriate here, because we just want to bill at some point during that day. However, it doesn't seem practical when doing comparisons either directly in the code or in the database (billing_date <= CURRENT_DATE()). Did I make a mistake, should this be a ZonedDateTime in PST? Or should we be converting to ZonedDateTime for comparisons? It feels error prone, we need to remember to convert any time we do a comparision, but perhaps this is the correct solution?

Does anyone have experience with this situation and found a nice solution?

I've taken a look at this question, but it doesn't answer my question: Spring REST LocalDate UTC differs of one day

Solution

Specify time zone

I suggest that this is just a matter of passing the desired time zone to LocalDate.now(ZoneId).

Use LocalDate.now(ZoneId.of("Asia/Manila")) for Philippine Standard Time. At the moment it yeilds 2019-07-09.
Use LocalDate.now(ZoneId.of("Pacific/Pitcairn")) for Pitcairn Standard Time. It just gave 2019-07-08.

I am assuming that you didn’t mean Pacific Standard Time since no time zone uses Pacific Standard Time as we speak (those that do in winter, are on Pacific Daylight Time now). In any case, mind you that three letter time zone abbreviations are often ambiguous.

The java.time classes that have a now method generally have three overloaded variants of it:

One that takes a ZoneId arguments that I recommend for general use.
One that takes a Clock argument that is great for testability. A Clock includes a time zone, so this one too gets you the current date and/or time in that specified time zone.
One that doesn’t take any arguments and uses the JVM’s current default time zone. I recommend that you never use it. It’s nice for the reader to know that you have considered time zone and chosen which one you want. And the default time zone can be changed at any time by any program running in the same JVM, so is not stable enough to rely on for real work.