Does malloc wory about internal fragmentation in linux kernel? For example when I want to allocate 5 pages, will malloc round up size to make it power of 2: 5->8 to avoid internal fragmentation in kernel, because linux kernel uses buddy system as page allocator.
At least for glibc, it doesn't really care about fragmentation in the kernel. It is mostly a "best-fit" allocator except for very small or very large allocations. Here is an extract from the comments near the top of glibc's "malloc.c":
Why use this malloc?
This is not the fastest, most space-conserving, most portable, or most tunable malloc ever written. However it is among the fastest while also being among the most space-conserving, portable and tunable. Consistent balance across these factors results in a good general-purpose allocator for malloc-intensive programs. The main properties of the algorithms are:
- For large (>= 512 bytes) requests, it is a pure best-fit allocator, with ties normally decided via FIFO (i.e. least recently used).
- For small (<= 64 bytes by default) requests, it is a caching allocator, that maintains pools of quickly recycled chunks.
- In between, and for combinations of large and small requests, it does the best it can trying to meet both goals at once.
- For very large requests (>= 128KB by default), it relies on system memory mapping facilities, if supported.
For a longer but slightly out of date high-level description, see http://gee.cs.oswego.edu/dl/html/malloc.html
The glibc malloc implementation is fairly tuneable using the mallopt function or various environment variables to set various parameters, as described in the man page mallopt(3).