This question is a port of this one applied to a similar but distinct issue:
The Cinnamon panel (my system: Linux Mint 19.1) became "invisible", that is, it still responded to mouse-clicks but became completely transparent.
Having plugged in an external HDMI monitor and having switched to tty1 with CTRL+ALT+F1 and back to tty7 with CTRL+ALT+F7 (where Cinnamon runs) in order to have the external monitor recognized by the system.
This answer is a port of this one applied to a similar but distinct issue:
To restart the Cinnamon Panel