The debug view hierarchy is a great way to view they different layers that make up the UI, but as far as I can't tell there is no way to see what outlet reference names the objects have. They are simply referred to as what type of object they are. For example, a button is just refered to as UIButton rather than the name of the outlet. Yes, it's possible to see in what viewController it resides, but it' not foolprof and it can still be very hard to track down certain objects.
So, is there a way to see what the reference outlets of the objects are called?
No, there is not (unfortunately).
The information is not maintained at runtime to my knowledge, so you also won't be able to use lldb from Xcode's console to figure it out.
Probably worth a feature request to Apple! https://feedbackassistant.apple.com/