In heap sort, while rearranging an array in for loop why we need i=n/2-1 and I checked with n/2 also it worked as expected.
// Build heap (rearrange array)
for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--)
heapify(arr, n, i);
Instead, I used like below:
// Build heap (rearrange array)
for (int i = n / 2; i >= 0; i--)
heapify(arr, n, i);
Below is the full program,
// Java program for implementation of Heap Sort
public class HeapSort {
public void sort(int arr[])
{
int n = arr.length;
// Build heap (rearrange array)
for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--)
heapify(arr, n, i);
// One by one extract an element from heap
for (int i=n-1; i>=0; i--)
{
// Move current root to end
int temp = arr[0];
arr[0] = arr[i];
arr[i] = temp;
// call max heapify on the reduced heap
heapify(arr, i, 0);
}
}
// To heapify a subtree rooted with node i which is
// an index in arr[]. n is size of heap
void heapify(int arr[], int n, int i)
{
int largest = i; // Initialize largest as root
int l = 2*i + 1; // left = 2*i + 1
int r = 2*i + 2; // right = 2*i + 2
// If left child is larger than root
if (l < n && arr[l] > arr[largest])
largest = l;
// If right child is larger than largest so far
if (r < n && arr[r] > arr[largest])
largest = r;
// If largest is not root
if (largest != i)
{
int swap = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[largest];
arr[largest] = swap;
// Recursively heapify the affected sub-tree
heapify(arr, n, largest);
}
}
/* A utility function to print array of size n */
static void printArray(int arr[])
{
int n = arr.length;
for (int i=0; i<n; ++i)
System.out.print(arr[i]+" ");
System.out.println();
}
// Driver program
public static void main(String args[]) {
int arr[] = {12, 11, 13, 5, 6, 7};
int n = arr.length;
HeapSort ob = new HeapSort();
ob.sort(arr);
System.out.println("Sorted array");
printArray(arr);
} }
A complete binary heap of height h
has 2^h - 1
elements. Of those, elements in the closed range [0, (2^h)/2-1]
are internal nodes (including the root), and elements in the closed range [(2^h)/2, 2^h-2]
are leaf nodes. The leaf nodes are already (trivial) heaps. The first element you need to heapify -- because it has a child, which might violate the heap property -- is at index (2^h)/2-1
.
This property -- that the highest-index internal node is slightly below the halfway point -- extends to incomplete binary heaps as well. Draw out a few heaps and you'll see the pattern.