I have a trait that has a function for deserializing an associated type. However that associated type needs to have a lifetime that the caller decides, so I have a separate trait that I use a higher-ranked trait bound for, so that it can be deserialized for any lifetime.
I need to use a closure that returns this associated type.
I have the following code to do that:
#![allow(unreachable_code)]
use std::marker::PhantomData;
trait Endpoint: for<'a> EndpointBody<'a> {}
trait EndpointBody<'a> {
type Out: 'a;
fn serialize(body: &Self::Out) -> Vec<u8>;
fn deserialize(raw_body: &'a [u8]) -> Self::Out;
}
// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Trait object compatible handler
trait Handler {
fn execute(&self, raw_body: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8>;
}
/// Wraps a function for an endpoint, convertint it to a Handler
struct FnHandler<EP, F>
where
EP: Endpoint,
F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> <EP as EndpointBody<'a>>::Out,
{
func: F,
_ph: PhantomData<EP>,
}
impl<EP, F> FnHandler<EP, F>
where
EP: Endpoint,
F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> <EP as EndpointBody<'a>>::Out,
{
pub fn new(func: F) -> Self {
Self {
func,
_ph: PhantomData,
}
}
}
impl<EP, F> Handler for FnHandler<EP, F>
where
EP: Endpoint,
F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> <EP as EndpointBody<'a>>::Out,
{
fn execute(&self, in_raw_body: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
let body = (self.func)(in_raw_body);
let serialized_body = unimplemented!();
return serialized_body;
}
}
// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Collection of handlers
struct Handlers(Vec<Box<dyn Handler>>);
impl Handlers {
pub fn new() -> Self {
Self(vec![])
}
pub fn handle<EP: 'static, F>(&mut self, func: F)
where
EP: Endpoint,
F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> <EP as EndpointBody<'a>>::Out,
{
self.0.push(Box::new(FnHandler::<EP, F>::new(func)));
}
}
// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
struct MyEndpoint;
struct MyEndpointBody<'a> {
pub string: &'a str,
}
impl Endpoint for MyEndpoint {}
impl<'a> EndpointBody<'a> for MyEndpoint {
type Out = MyEndpointBody<'a>;
fn serialize(body: &Self::Out) -> Vec<u8> {
unimplemented!()
}
fn deserialize(raw_body: &'a [u8]) -> Self::Out {
unimplemented!()
}
}
// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
fn main() {
let mut handlers = Handlers::new();
handlers.handle::<MyEndpoint, _>(|_body| MyEndpointBody {
string: "test string",
});
handlers.0[1].execute(&[]);
}
I think that should work, but when I check it I get a type error:
error[E0271]: type mismatch resolving `for<'a> <[closure@src/main.rs:92:38: 94:6] as std::ops::FnOnce<(&'a [u8],)>>::Output == <MyEndpoint as EndpointBody<'a>>::Out`
--> src/main.rs:92:14
|
92 | handlers.handle::<MyEndpoint, _>(|_body| MyEndpointBody {
| ^^^^^^ expected struct `MyEndpointBody`, found associated type
|
= note: expected struct `MyEndpointBody<'_>`
found associated type `<MyEndpoint as EndpointBody<'_>>::Out`
= note: consider constraining the associated type `<MyEndpoint as EndpointBody<'_>>::Out` to `MyEndpointBody<'_>`
= note: for more information, visit https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-03-advanced-traits.html
It's confusing because MyEndpoint::Out is a MyEndpointBody, which I am returning from the closure, but Rust doesn't think they are the same type. I'm guessing it's because Rust picks incompatible anonymous lifetimes for the MyEndpointBody type, but I don't know how to fix that.
How can I get this code to work so that I can use a closure with a HRTB associated type?
EDIT: As of January 2024, the example in the question compiles successfully. It could also uses GATs to simplify the implementation.
Old answer:
Having the closure wrap the return type in a newtype fixes the issue:
#![allow(unreachable_code)]
use std::marker::PhantomData;
trait Endpoint: for<'a> EndpointBody<'a> {}
trait EndpointBody<'a> {
type Out: 'a;
fn serialize(body: &Self::Out) -> Vec<u8>;
fn deserialize(raw_body: &'a [u8]) -> Self::Out;
}
struct EPOut<'a, EP: Endpoint>(<EP as EndpointBody<'a>>::Out);
// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Trait object compatible handler
trait Handler {
fn execute(&self, raw_body: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8>;
}
/// Wraps a function for an endpoint, convertint it to a Handler
struct FnHandler<EP, F>
where
EP: Endpoint,
F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> EPOut<'a, EP>,
{
func: F,
_ph: PhantomData<EP>,
}
impl<EP, F> FnHandler<EP, F>
where
EP: Endpoint,
F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> EPOut<'a, EP>,
{
pub fn new(func: F) -> Self {
Self {
func,
_ph: PhantomData,
}
}
}
impl<EP, F> Handler for FnHandler<EP, F>
where
EP: Endpoint,
F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> EPOut<'a, EP>,
{
fn execute(&self, in_raw_body: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
let body = (self.func)(in_raw_body);
let serialized_body = unimplemented!();
return serialized_body;
}
}
// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Collection of handlers
struct Handlers(Vec<Box<dyn Handler>>);
impl Handlers {
pub fn new() -> Self {
Self(vec![])
}
pub fn handle<EP: 'static, F>(&mut self, func: F)
where
EP: Endpoint,
F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> EPOut<'a, EP>,
{
self.0.push(Box::new(FnHandler::<EP, F>::new(func)));
}
}
// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
struct MyEndpoint;
struct MyEndpointBody<'a> {
pub string: &'a str,
}
impl Endpoint for MyEndpoint {}
impl<'a> EndpointBody<'a> for MyEndpoint {
type Out = MyEndpointBody<'a>;
fn serialize(body: &Self::Out) -> Vec<u8> {
unimplemented!()
}
fn deserialize(raw_body: &'a [u8]) -> Self::Out {
unimplemented!()
}
}
// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
fn main() {
let mut handlers = Handlers::new();
handlers.handle::<MyEndpoint, _>(|_body| EPOut(MyEndpointBody {
string: "test string",
}));
handlers.0[1].execute(&[]);
}
I'm tempted to say this is a Rust compiler bug, considering that the newtype should be just about the same as the associated type. There also seems to be some ICEs relating to using HRTB associated types: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/62529